Ivermectin 12mg - Antiparasitic - Treats Parasitic Infections in Humans

Action Mechanism

Ivermectin Generic interferes with the parasite's nerve and muscle function and causes paralysis and death through its effect on specific ion channels and neurotransmitter signaling.

Action Flow Summary

1. Binds to GluCl channels
2. Opens Cl? channels continuously
3. Hyperpolarization of nerve/muscle cells
4. Paralysis and death of the parasite
5. Targeting Glutamate-Gated Chloride Channels (GluCl)

GluCl Channels

These are ligand-gated ion channels found exclusively in invertebrates like nematodes and arthropods (e.g., worms, lice, mites). In normal parasite physiology, glutamate binds to these channels to regulate the flow of chloride ions (Cl?) into nerve and muscle cells, balancing excitation and inhibition.

Ivermectin Action

Ivermectin Generic binds to these glutamate-gated chloride channels in the parasite’s nerve and muscle cells.

It causes

• Persistent opening of the chloride channels
• Uncontrolled influx of Cl? ions into the cells
• Hyperpolarization of the cell membrane
• Inhibition of signal transmission in nerves and muscles

Result

The affected parasite becomes paralyzed and eventually dies, unable to feed or reproduce.

1. Interaction with GABA-Gated Channels (in some cases)

• Ivermectin 12 mg also has a lower affinity for GABA-gated chloride channels, which are present in both parasites and humans.

• In humans, GABA activity is confined to the central nervous system (CNS) and protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

• Ivermectin 12mg does not usually cross the BBB at regular doses, so it does not affect human neurons significantly. 

2. Specific to Parasites – Selectivity

Mammals (including humans) lack glutamate-gated chloride channels in peripheral tissues, which makes Ivermectin Tablets selectively toxic to parasites.

The drug selectivity and safety margin arise from

• Different distribution of ion channels
• Presence of P-glycoprotein at the BBB, which prevents Ivermectin Generic entry into the brain

3. Immunomodulatory Effects (Secondary)

Ivermectin Generic may also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by:

• Suppressing the production of cytokines like IL-1β and TNF-α
• Inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB

These effects of Ivermectin Generic are not its primary mechanism but may contribute to symptom relief in inflammatory conditions (like scabies-induced dermatitis).

Safety Notes

• Neurotoxicity Risk is low in humans because:
• Ivermectin does not readily cross the BBB
• P-glycoprotein efflux pumps protect Human neurons

However, neurotoxicity can occur in rare cases (e.g., genetic deficiency in P-glycoprotein).

Dosage

General Weight-Based Dosing

• Standard dose: 150-200 micrograms per kilogram (mcg/kg) of body weight.
• For most adults between 40-60 kg, one 12mg tablet is typically sufficient.
• Individuals (e.g., over 70 kg) may require 18mg or more.
• Doctors round off the Doses to the nearest available tablet strength (e.g., 3mg, 6mg, or 12mg).

Condition-Specific Dosage Recommendations

1. Strongyloidiasis (intestinal threadworm)

Take 200 mcg/kg once. It may require a second dose after 2 weeks if symptoms persist.

2. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)

Take 150 mcg/kg once. Repeat the dose every 6 to 12 months for long-term control.

3. Scabies

Take 200 mcg/kg, then repeat on day 7. For crusted scabies, additional doses may be needed (e.g., days 1, 2, 8, 9, and 15).

4. Lice (head or body lice)

Take 200 mcg/kg once. Repeat it after 7 to 10 days. Often used with topical lice treatments.

5. Lymphatic Filariasis

Take 150–200 mcg/kg once annually. Usually combined with albendazole for better efficacy.

6. Cutaneous Larva Migrans

Take 200 mcg/kg daily for 1-2 days.

Pediatric Use

Approved for children 15 kg or more in weight.

Same as adults: 200 mcg/kg.

Elderly Use

Generally safe without dose adjustments.

Monitor closely if underlying health conditions exist.

Important Administration Notes

• Take Ivermectin Generic 12mg on an empty stomach, preferably 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
• Use clean water for swallowing the Ivermectin tablets.
• Follow up with your doctor if symptoms persist after initial treatment.

Precautions

1. Neurological Conditions

Ivermectin may rarely cause neurotoxic effects, especially in patients with:

• Meningitis
• Encephalopathy
• Severe parasitic burden (e.g., Loa loa co-infection)

Use with caution in individuals with epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, or other neurological disorders.

2. Liver Impairment

The liver metabolizes the Ivermectin. Use it with caution in patients with hepatic insufficiency; you may require dose adjustment.

3. Kidney Impairment

Patients may not need major adjustments, but limited data is available for patients with renal failure.

4. Pregnancy

It is a category C drug (animal studies show risk but lack human data). Use only if necessary and under strict medical supervision.

5. Breastfeeding

Small amounts may pass into breast milk. WHO considers it safe after the first week of life, but consult a doctor.

6. Children

Not for children weighing less than 15 kg or younger than 5 years old due to safety data limitations.

7. Elderly

Generally well-tolerated, but monitor for increased sensitivity or side effects due to slower metabolism.

8. Alcohol

Alcohol has no direct interaction. Avoid it to reduce stress on the liver and potential side effects.

Drug Interactions

1. CNS Depressants

Avoid additive effects of these drugs that suppress the central nervous system:

• Benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam)
• Barbiturates
• Opioids
• Alcohol

It may increase the risk of sedation, dizziness, or confusion.

2. Warfarin

May increase INR (International Normalized Ratio), raising the risk of bleeding.

Monitor coagulation parameters if used together.

3. Other Antiparasitic or Antifungal Drugs

Use with caution when combined with:

• Albendazole
• Mebendazole
• Ketoconazole

It may increase toxicity or alter absorption/metabolism.

4. HIV Protease Inhibitors and Macrolide Antibiotics

Drugs like ritonavir, clarithromycin, or erythromycin may interfere with the metabolism of Ivermectin Generic via CYP3A4. It could increase ivermectin levels and the risk of side effects.

5. CYP3A4 Inhibitors

May increase Ivermectin concentration in the blood:

• Diltiazem
• Verapamil
• Grapefruit juice

Storage and Handling

Store Generic Ivermectin 12mg at room temperature, away from moisture and sunlight. Keep out of reach of children.

Always Consult a Doctor

Before using Ivermectin 12mg, disclose all current medications, supplements, or medical conditions. Do not exceed the recommended dose unless instructed by a healthcare provider.

Side Effects

• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Fatigue or sleepiness
• Headache
• Muscle or joint pain
• Mild skin rash or itching
• Fever (especially in response to dying parasites)