Some of the most common ulcers, along with their causes, symptoms and the ways to diagnose them are listed below.

1. PEPTIC ULCER: An ulcer indicating exposure to pepsin, present along with hydrochloric acid in the stomach lining, which includes ulcers of digestive tract in the stomach or the duodenum is peptic ulcer. The most causative agent is infection caused by the bacteria H. pylori. Men and women are equally affected. Symptoms of peptic ulcers include abdominal discomfort and pain, 2-3 hours after one has taken a meal or when on empty stomach. Other symptoms include weight loss, poor appetite, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. Some may also experience blood in stool and vomit, and black stools that indicate gastrointestinal bleeding.
2. MOUTH ULCER: Sores that develop in the inner lining of the mouth are referred to as mouth ulcers. Some of the causes include certain drugs, chemicals and infectious diseases such as herpes or thrush. The most common cause is mechanical injury, such as accidentally biting your cheek. These mouth sores are round in shape and white, yellow or grey in colour. They are inflamed around the edge and commonly occur on the inner lining of the lips, cheeks and the underside of the tongue. Mouth ulcers cause pain, loss of appetite and discomfort usually during drinking or eating. It can be diagnosed by physical examination, skin biopsy or blood tests.These are usually cured within 10-14 days.
3. GENITAL ULCER: Genital ulcers are caused due to sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, genital herpes, or thrush. Non-sexual causes of genital ulcers are infections caused by yeast, scabies, pyoderma, genital trauma and Behcet’s disease. They may also be associated with rashes and itching.
4. VENOUS SKIN ULCER: In this type, the valves are damaged, and blood backs up in the vein. The blood may leak out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue. This can lead to a breakdown of the tissue and an ulcer. The first sign of a venous skin ulcer is skin that turns dark red or purple over the area where the blood is leaking out of the vein. The skin also may become thick, dry, and itchy. You also may have swollen and achy legs. Doctor may also use duplex Doppler ultrasound; this test shows how well blood is moving through the lower leg
5. EYE ULCER: Most of eye-ulcers are caused by pathogenic organisms entering the cornea of eye. Chemical burns and people who wear contact lenses are at an increased risk of corneal ulcers. It can lead to red eye, pain in the eye and feeling that something is in your eye. Tearing pus, blurry vision, swollen eyelids indicates you are suffering from corneal ulcer.Consult doctor if you feel severe pain and obvious discharge draining from your eye.
6. BEDSORES: They are injuries caused by constant and unrelieved pressure that damages the skin and underlying tissue due to lack of mobility and blood circulation. It can lead to pain in back and lower-back and a strong pain is felt while you lie on bed.
7. ESOPHAGEAL ULCER: Esophageal ulcers are lesions that occur in the esophagus (the food pipe). These are most commonly formed at the end of the food pipe. They can be felt as a pain right below the breastbone, in the same area where symptoms of heartburn are felt. Esophageal ulcers are associated with acid reflux, prolonged use of drugs like NSAIDs, and smoking, also uncomfortable feeling while eating something, flaming situations are witnessed.
8. COLON ULCER: People who develop open skin sores called ulcers along the lining of the colon have a medical condition called ulcerative colitis. Severe etching and burning sensation is felt in lower abdominal region. Colonoscopy may be done to check the defective cells.
9. BLADDER ULCERS: Bladder ulcers, also referred to as interstitial cystitis, are known to as a neuroinflammatory condition occurring in the bladder wall. The symptoms of bladder ulcers resemble the symptoms of acute urinary tract infection, which may include urinary pressure, urinary frequency and pelvic pain. There is also pain while urinating followed by blood.

Eradicating the cause rather than symptoms in ulcer treatments is found to be very successful. Apart from endoscopy some natural methods are also applied to treat the ulcer like herbs, Ayurvedic medicine, acupuncture and minerals and vitamins are also used. Ulcers of all types are needed to be treated immediately as unnecessary delay will initiate severe types of problems in the body.

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